The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.